An excise duty is a type of tax charged on goods produced within the country (as opposed to customs duties, charged on goods from outside the country). It is a tax on the production or manufacture or sale of a good. This tax is now known as the Central Value Added Tax (CENVAT).

Though the collection of tax is to augment as much revenue as possible to the government to provide public services, over the years it has been used as an instrument of fiscal policy to stimulate economic growth. Thus it is one of the socio-economic objectives.

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There are three different types of central excise duties which exist in India which are as follows:

Basic - Excise Duty, imposed under section 3 of the 'Central Excises and Salt Act' of 1944 on all excisable goods other than salt produced or manufactured in India, at the rates set forth in the schedule to the Central Excise tariff Act, 1985, falls under the category of basic excise duty in India.

Additional - Section 3 of the 'Additional Duties of Excise Act' of 1957 permits the charge and collection of excise duty in respect of the goods as listed in the schedule of this act. This tax is shared between the central and state governments and charged instead of sales tax.

Special - According to Section 37 of the Finance Act, 1978, Special Excise Duty is levied on all excisable goods that come under taxation, in line with the Basic Excise Duty under the Central Excises and Salt Act of 1944.

Therefore, each year the Finance Act spells out that whether the Special Excise Duty shall or shall not be charged, and eventually collected during the relevant financial year.

The term 'excisable goods' means the goods which are specified in the first schedule and the second schedule to the Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985, as being subject to a duty of excise and includes salt.

The liability to pay tax excise duty is always on the manufacturer or producer of goods. There are three types of parties who can be considered as manufacturers:

1. Those who personally manufacture the goods in question
2. Those who get the goods manufactured by employing hired labour
3. Those who get the goods manufactured by other parties

Yes, it is mandatory to pay duty on all goods manufactured, unless exempted. For example, duty is not payable on the goods exported out of India. Similarly exemption from payment of duty is available, based on conditions such as kind of raw materials used, value of turnover (clearances) in a financial year, type of process employed etc.

In accordance with Rule 9 of Central Excise Rules, 2002, below mentioned persons are required to obtain excise registration:

1. Every manufacturer of dutiable goods
2. First and second Stage dealers desiring to issue cenvatable invoices
3. Persons holding warehouses for storing non ‐ duty paid goods

Considering the importance and for its promotion small scale industries are exempted from paying of excise duty.

Any Manufacturing unit which has a turnover of less than 1.5 Cr is exempt from payment of Excise duty.

Excise is an event based taxes, and taxes is charged once goods are exit from gate of manufacturing plant. The invoice is made on gate pass basis.

All the compliance can be divided in two steps:-.

1. Payment of Taxes
2. Filing of Return on 10th of next month

Rate of Excise duty is depend on Product to product which is decided as per Central Excise Tariff which is notified and updated each year in Finance Act, the same can be found in.

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